Practical Guide

Population 5.5 million
Area 338 424 sq.km
Capital Helsinki (population 600 000)
Head of State President Alexander Stubb
Official Languages Finnish, Swedish
Main religion Evangelic Lutheran
Currency Euro
Calling Code +358

Finland is a Nordic democracy and a member country of the European Union. Finland’s unique culture has been influenced by both Scandinavian and Russian cultures. With its over- abundance of space, Finland’s exotic, northern geographic setting is one of its most treasured resources.

In terms of area, Finland is the seventh largest country in Europe, but it has a very low population density. Forests cover over two thirds of the country. Finland is also a land of a thousand lakes and water covers 10% of the land.

Finland is a land of four distinct seasons. During the summer, the highest daytime temperature in eastern Finland occasionally rises over 25°C (degrees Celsius). During the winter months, particularly in January and February, temperatures of minus 20°C are common. Even if the temperatures in the winter can seem harsh, Finland has a much milder climate than other areas in similar latitudes. This is due to the many lakes, the Baltic Sea and the airflows from the Atlantic Ocean warmed by the Gulf Stream.

In the summer, there is daylight almost around the clock whereas in the winter there are only a few hours of daylight. In the autumn, the first snow often settles in November and the landscape will often be covered in snow in December. The first signs of spring can be seen in March and the snow gradually starts melting away in April.

University of Eastern Finland:

• Main pages
• Admissions
• Life in Finland
• New student orientation on Kamu
• UEF Connect

Education and training in Finland:

• Finnish National Agency for Education’s (EDUFI)
• Studying in Finland
• Ministry of Education and Culture (open in a new window)

Finnish customs and manners

General information on Finland:

• This is Finland
• infoFinland.fi
• visitFinland.com
• Lonely Planet - Finland
• BusinessFinland
• The Finland Guidebook

Learn Finnish

News in English:

• YLE
• Helsinki Times

Preparing for winter:

• Layering basics / Rei co op

Statistical data on Finland

Transportation:

• Finnish Transport Infrastructure Angency (Liikennevirasto)
• matka.fi
• Jojo Joensuu
• Vilkku Kuopio
• Vilkku bikes Kuopio

Weather:

• Weather in Joensuu: Ilmatieteenlaitos, Foreca
• Weather in Kuopio: Ilmatieteenlaitos, Foreca

The chances of getting a job, especially without an excellent command of the Finnish language, are unfortunately rather low. Therefore, international students should not count on financing their studies by working in Finland.

Job offers and general information on working in Finland:

• Aarresaari
• JobTeaser
• Rules of working life/ Suomi.fi
• Te-services
• Working in Finland / Te-services (pdf)

International students (under a residence permit issued for studies) are allowed to work in Finland without a work permit (työlupa) for a maximum of 25 hours per week during academic semesters and full-time during holidays. Earnings from part-time work may be included in the amount of funds required for a residence permit. However, this is not possible when applying for the first residence permit. Foreigners must have a work permit if they intend to engage in gainful employment while in Finland, with the exception of the citizens from the Nordic and the EU/EEA countries. More information about work permit.

Persons residing in Finland for less than six months are considered as non-residents. They pay tax in Finland only on income. The amount of salary does not affect the tax rate. Apart from the tax, the employer is also required to deduct an employment pension contribution and an unemployment insurance contribution. For persons who have been residing in Finland for more than six months, the taxes to be paid are determined in accordance with the statutes of the Income Tax Act and at the same rate as for permanent residents. Taxation also depends on the tax agreements ratified between Finland and the home country of the foreigner.

The employee must obtain a tax card (verokortti) from the local tax office. The tax card should then be given to the employer. To obtain a tax card, you should give the tax office the required application form with your name, address, Finnish Personal Identity Code and a reasonable estimate of your income during the calendar year. They will calculate the tax percentage based on this estimation and this tax percentage will then be recorded on your tax card.

For further information on taxation. Other useful information concerning employment contract, working time, wages, annual holidays etc. 

Tax Offices, opening hours and contact information.

Book an appointment in MyTax (You can log in with Finnish online banking codes, a mobile certificate, or a Katso ID. If you cannot log in to MyTax, make an appointment by calling the national switchboard.

In order to drive a car in Finland you need to be at least 18 years old and you must have a valid driver’s licence. If your driver’s licence is from one of the EU or EEA member countries, it is valid in Finland as long as the license remains valid. In addition, the licences from Geneva or Vienna Road Traffic Convention countries, such as Australia, Canada, Egypt, Hong Kong, India, Japan, New Zealand, Russia, Turkey and the United States of America, are valid for two years, after which these citizens have to acquire a Finnish driver’s licence. Driver’s licences from other countries are not valid in Finland.

Useful websites:

• Driving in Finland (pdf)
• Finnish Road Safety Council → Traffic regulations in Finland
• Driving in Finland / VisitFinland

Please note the following regulations of driving in Finland:

• Seatbelts are obligatory for everyone whether sitting in the front or the back seats in the car. Children under three years of age must be seated on the back seat on a safety seat.
• Headlights are compulsory at all times around the clock.
• Winter speed limits are in force throughout the country from the beginning of November to the end of February. However, the limits can be lowered already in October and they can remain in force through April due to exceptional road weather conditions.
• Winter tires are mandatory from the beginning of December until the end of February.
• If a mobile phone is used by a driver, a hands-free device is required. According to the Finnish law, a driver is allowed to neither use nor hold a mobile phone in hand while driving.
• There is an obligatory annual inspection for cars in Finland. After every inspection, the driver receives an inspection card that states the condition of the car as well as any defects requiring service or repair.

Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs is strictly forbidden. There is an exact permissible limit of 0.5 per mil for alcohol in blood. A police officer can breathalyse a driver on the spot and if suspected of driving under the influence, a person may be taken to a blood test or to a police station. Driving while under the influence of drugs is also a crime. Infringement of this rule means a penalty in the form of a fine or imprisonment.

Most of the cities have metered parking areas. However, sometimes parking is free but parking time is limited. In this case, you need a parking disc, which can be obtained at petrol stations and grocery stores. The time of arrival must be set first and the parking disc must be displayed on the dashboard. The time of arrival is the following hour or half-hour depending on which one is earlier.

Please note that parking on campus is subject to fees. UEF staff and students can get a parking permit via an online system.

In order to rent a car you need a valid driver’s licence and preferably at least one year of driving experience. Rental companies require the driver to be at least 20 years of age for passenger cars, but age regulation may vary by vehicle category. Drivers under the age of 25 may incur a young driver surcharge. Please also note that some car rental companies may require a credit card. Be prepared to show proof of your identity when renting a car.

Some car rental companies

• Avis
• Budget 
• Europcar 
• Hertz 
• Scandia Rent (opens in a new window) 

A bicycle (polkupyörä/pyörä in Finnish) is a very practical and popular form of transportation in Finland, and there are plenty of paved cycle tracks. Cycling is also a good way to familiarise yourself with your new surroundings. Please remember that when your bike is parked or not in use, you should always lock it, and preferably fasten it to a bicycle rack or some other solid structure. Please note that it is compulsory to use a head light on your bike when cycling in the dark. Wearing a helmet can save you from a serious brain damage so please instead of thinking how stupid the helmet looks on you, think how stupid you will look when lying in the intensive care.

Places to buy and sell second-hand bikes in Joensuu:

• “Buy and sell crap in Joensuu” in Facebook
• KISA (Kuopio International Student Association) Student Marketplace in Facebook
• Second-hand shops on-line: Kuopion kirppari (only in Finnish) ja www.tori.fi

Bicycle repair shops, second-hand shops and other students sometimes sell cheap second- hand bikes. In addition, there is an auction of lost and found items at the local police station (held a few times a year), where you may find a decent bicycle at a reasonable price. Since the auction is carried out in Finnish only, please ask a fellow Finnish student to accompany you. Information on the auctions (in Finnish only).

City Bikes Joensuu

City Bikes Kuopio

In Joensuu you can also rent a bike from the Community Resource Centre Citizen’s House (Kansalaistalo).

The University of Joensuu and the University of Kuopio merged on 1 January 2010 to constitute the University of Eastern Finland. With approximately 15 500 degree students and 2800 members of staff, the University of Eastern Finland is one of the largest universities in Finland. The university has campuses in Joensuu and in Kuopio. The distance between the two cities is about 140 km and it takes about 2 hours by car.

See more on general information on UEF at UEF website (opens in a new tab).

See faculties, schools and departments on UEF www pages.

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Transcript of Academic Records

It can be quite challenging to study in new surroundings and in a foreign language. Please be patient and do your best, but also don’t forget to relax. Remember your own ways of reducing stress. Do not be too hard on yourself. Keep in mind that you can always talk about your problems, whether big or small, with your fellow students, with the university staff or with health services.

In all kinds of problems with your studies, there are plenty of people to turn to. Please do not hesitate to contact:

• International Mobility Services
• Your student tutor
• Support Channels to students
• Study coordinators
• the Student Union (opens in a new tab)
• Finnish Student Health Service (opens in a new tab)
  NOTE! The services of FSHS are not available to exchange students!
• Providers of help

Do not hesitate to contact the staff of the University of Eastern Finland if you find yourself in any distressing situations.

Contact person in the case of crisis

Coordinator, International Mobility Services

Tel: Joensuu +358 50 382 1814, Kuopio +358 40 355 2146

E-mail: international@uef.fi

• Insurance
• Residence-based social security
• Personal safety
• Poison information centre in Helsinki (opens in a new tab) The Poison Information Centre answers questions concerning the prevention and treatment of acute poisonings every day around the clock. They offer instructions for first aid in poisoning, list of substances causing most common causes of poisoning, and a list of common poisonous mushrooms in Finland.
• Sexual health and sexual minorities: We hope our students remember to take care of their sexual health. Find more information from Student Health Service (opens in a new tab, not available for exchange students) or public health care: Joensuu SiunSote (opens in a new tab) or Kuopio Wellbeing Services County North Savo (opens in a new tab) or private health care.  In general, Finland is open-minded towards sexual minorities, although people’s personal attitudes may naturally differ a lot. Younger generations, in particular, are usually very tolerant and welcoming. In Finland, it is also prohibited by law to discriminate people based on their sexual orientation. Seta (Association for Sexual Equality in Finland) organises local activities, meetings and parties. Seta also provides support services for their members. Hobiles (page only in Finnish) is a member organization of Seta functioning in the Joensuu area and Pohjois-Savon Seta in Kuopio (opens in a new window).
• Narcotics: It is prohibited to possess any narcotics during your stay in Finland, as all narcotics are illegal in Finland. The use and possession of narcotics are punishable acts in Finland, as are production, sale, import and transport of narcotics. Anyone in possession of illegal narcotics, including hash and marihuana, runs the risk of being arrested and expelled from the country or being imprisoned. Drug dealing carries a heavy prison sentence.Imports of medicinal products are controlled. Limitations on amounts of medicinal products that can be imported by a passenger are dependent on whether a product is considered a self- medication product, a prescription drug, a narcotic drug or a veterinary drug according to the Finnish classification. There are restrictions concerning the import of narcotic drugs and other drugs, and therefore it is important to check the regulations before your arrival to Finland. Mail order sales of drugs to Finland are prohibited, as is delivery of a medicinal product by courier. Medicinal products can be sent to Finland from EU countries on the conditions stated in the regulations. Moreover, obtaining medicinal products via the Internet is not allowed.Substance abuse programme for students

The following public holidays are celebrated annually in Finland. Please note that the dates of some holidays vary from year to year. Shops and banks are usually closed on public holidays and Saturday opening hours are usually followed on the eve of a public holiday (e.g. December 24).

Public Holidays

The Finnish time is two hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time. There is only one time zone covering the whole country. Daylight saving time or summer time (kesäaika) is used from the last Sunday of March to the last Sunday of October. The shift is usually done early on Sunday mornings so that it does not cause extra difficulties.

The electrical current in Finland is 220V (50Hz). Electrical plugs are the two-pin continental size. In Finland, the unit of measurement is the metric system.

Length:

Travel:

Temperature:

Weight:

Volume:

The Finnish monetary unit is the euro (EUR, €). The euro is divided into 100 cents. Bank notes are in denominations of EUR 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500. The coins are 5, 10, 20 and 50 cents, and EUR 1 and 2. Unlike in most euro countries, the coins of 1 and 2 cents are not used in Finland. Cheques are rarely used in Finland and they are not accepted as a method of payment in shops and businesses. International credit cards (e.g. Visa, MasterCard) are widely accepted. If needed, please make sure you exchange some currency before arriving in Finland since it is difficult to exchange currency if you don’t have a bank account.

There are several branches of banks in all cities. Banks have very limited opening hours so please check them beforehand. You can withdraw money from cash machines or ATMs (automatic teller machines) with Finnish bankcards and with most of international cards as well (fees may apply). If you lose your Finnish ATM card, please call immediately tel. +358 20 333 to report the incidence (24 hour service). Lost Diner’s Club cards can be reported by calling +358 800 9 5555 and American Express cards +358 9 6132 0400.

Students who wish to open a Finnish bank account are advised to do so as soon as possible after their arrival. You should make an appointment with the bank in order to be able to open an account. When opening an account, be prepared to show proof of your identity (e.g. passport) and a proof of registration at UEF (study certificate or in some cases the Admission Certificate is accepted). Please note that banks will require you to have a Finnish Personal Identity Code to open a bank account, so remember to acquire one! Please ask the bank for a price of a service package and list of other charges (e.g. international money transfers). Fees are usually charged for receiving money to your account from abroad and sending an international money order. Fees depend on the bank and the form of transfer.

Online banking is the best method to pay bills and transfer money. If possible, it is advisable to use your home country’s online banking since the banks in Finland have reduced their services and usually do not allow online banking for short-term use.

Remember that you need the SWIFT code (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) or the BIC code (Bank Identification Code) when making international transactions. If you are making the payment from Europe, you will also need to use the IBAN code (International Bank Account Code).

Some Finnish banks:

• Danske Bank (opens in a new window)
• Handelsbanken (opens in a new window)
• Nordea (opens in a new window)
• Osuuspankki (opens in a new window)
• POP Pankki (opens in a new window)
• S-pankki (opens in a new window)

Some students have used European on-line banks, for example Alisa Pankki,  N26 Smart, Revolut,

The Finnish Post mostly has post-in-shops service points and Posti Parcel Points (pakettiautomaatti) at certain grocery stores or R-kiosks where you can send and receive parcels. These follow the opening hours of the store. Find the closest post-in-shop.

See more for sending letters and parcels.

Letters can be mailed at post offices or dropped into letterboxes throughout the city. The time when the letterbox is being emptied is written on the box. Incoming mail is delivered to your address Monday through Friday. There are no deliveries on Saturdays, Sundays or on public holidays.

When dialling a phone call to Finland, please remember to use the following formula: the international prefix +358 + the area code without the initial 0 + the phone number. When calling from Finland to another country, you have to attach an international prefix before the country code. There are several international prefixes depending on the company you choose. The most common ones are 990, 994, 992 and 999 but if you call abroad a lot, you should check the other possibilities and compare prices. You can also always use the pan-European code 00, and then dial the country code, the area code and the destination number. Note that the first number of the area code (often 0) is usually omitted. See more information about international phone calls.

Please note that an area code is always needed when using a mobile phone. For international number enquiries, call 020 208 (there is a fee + local call charge). For domestic number enquiries, call 118, 0200 16200 or 020202, but please note that there will be an extra charge.

In Finland, everyone uses mobile phones and this is why there are practically no public coin-operated telephone booths. Unless you already have a mobile phone, it is definitely worth considering buying one for yourself as well. Mobile phone shops usually sell second-hand phones at reasonable prices.

You can open a post-paid mobile phone connection with a Finnish mobile phone operator (e.g. DNA, Elisa, Sonera). However, you might be required to pay a substantial deposit in order to get a post-paid mobile phone connection. This is why many times a pre-paid subscription is a better alternative.

You get the Pre-paid Start-up kit in your ISYY Welcome Package because ESN Joensuu has a contract with DNA Oy whereby all the incoming international students who join the Student Union will have the possibility to receive a free DNA Prepaid start-up kit.

There are cheaper ways to call than the old-fashioned phone calls. If the internet connection is working, you can use for example Skype or WhatsApp.

You can access the Internet at the university when you get the username and password for the university’s IT services after registration. There are computers with Internet connection all over the campus. In addition, most of the student apartments have the technical capacity for a fixed Internet connection.

Local public libraries have computers with Internet connection for you to use. Please note that you have to make a reservation for the computer beforehand, and usually you can use the computer for an hour at a time. Internet cafes are not common in Finland, because most people have an Internet connection at home. There are some cafes and bars with internet connection in the city centres. In Joensuu, you can access the Internet also at the Community Resource Centre. Free Wi-Fi is available at the Market Square, Shopping Centre Iso Myy, Carelicum, Taitokortteli, Art Museum Onni, Joensuu City Library, Joensuu Arena and Vesikko swimming pool. In Kuopio, free Wi-Fi is available at the Kuopio City Library, Kuopio Info, Apaja, Multicultural Centre Kompassi, City Hall, Music Centre and several cafés and restaurants.

There are several TV channels in Finland, which are available throughout the country. The programmes are usually broadcast in the original language with Finnish subtitles. International cable channels can be available in the student apartments, too.

Television transmissions in Finland are all-digital. Digital broadcasts can be received by an ordinary TV fitted with a digital adaptor, known as a set-top box or a converter box. Alternatively, it is possible to buy a TV set with a built-in digital receiver.

Many programmes are also available online. The Finnish Broadcasting Companyt (Yle) aims to make all four of its channels available online for viewers in Finland.

Finnish TV channels online: Yle Areena, Katsomo, and Ruutu.

If you wish to get more channels in addition to the free ones, you can get a cable/ payTV package for additional cost. Here are some pay TV providers: CMore, Elisa Viihde Viaplay, DNA TV Hubi.

If you receive salary from Finland, you have to pay the TV tax regardless of whether you have a television or not. The tax is collected at the same time as other taxes, so it does require any action on your part.

If you would like to keep up with the Finnish and international news you may find it interesting to read e.g. Helsinki Times newspaper or the news of the Finnish Broadcasting Company.

The opening hours of shops were liberated in 2016 and the shops are now free to choose their opening hours. Many shops seem to have chosen extensive opening hours (opening hours seem to be often at least 10am–7pm daily).

Grocery stores usually advertise weekly or daily in the local newspapers or print separate advertisements delivered to your mailbox. This allows you to compare food prices and special offers at different stores.

The general level of prices in Finland equals to the European average. However, here are some useful hints for the student budget. Make sure that you are aware of all possible student and other reductions available and compare prices. Also, check if there are cheap or free services provided by public libraries, hospitals, the Student Union, the university, your campus town, etc. The meals at the student restaurants are worth the money, because you get a good discount with your student card. The price of food in grocery stores varies a lot. Always compare prices before you buy. Please note that the open market place (tori) is not necessarily the cheapest place to buy food in Finland like it is in some other countries. Also, check out some of the private product labels in stores (e.g. Euroshopper, Extra, Pirkka, Rainbow). They are usually cheaper than the well-known brand names. For daily grocery shopping, many students prefer Lidl, which is the cheapest option among Finnish grocery stores.

In addition to the shops in the city centre, Kuopio also has a big Matkus Shopping Centre with an IKEA about 12 kilometres from the city centre. Busses 31 and 32 operate  to Matkus from the city centre.

Tipping is not customary in Finland; most likely, a tip is given for hotel and restaurant door attendants and porters on some occasions. A service charge is automatically included in hotel and restaurant bills. Moreover, barbers, hairdressers and taxi-drivers do not expect tips. Still, you can always tip to thank for good service if you want to.

If you need to use the services of the Finnish Board of Customs, please visit their website or call the Customs Information Service + 358 2 955 201 for more information.

In Finland, strong alcohol, such as wine and spirits, can be bought only in special shops called Alko. Low-alcohol content drinks (e.g. beer, cider, wines that have less alcohol) are sold in regular stores, supermarkets, gas stations and kiosks. However, the sale of alcohol in grocery stores and supermarkets is limited to between 9am–9pm. Low-alcohol content drinks (max. 22% alcohol by volume) are not sold to persons under the age of 18, and strong alcohol is not sold to persons under the age of 20. If you are under 25 years of age, please show your ID on your own initiative, do so even if you are in a group buying alcoholic beverages together. Every member in the group must be of age if they wish to make purchases at Alko. They accept the following IDs: a driving licence, a passport and an official identity card with photo. Note that social insurance cards with photo, student cards and military IDs are not suitable ID documents at Alko shops.

Please keep in mind that driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs is strictly forbidden. There is an exact permissible limit of 0.5 per mil for alcohol in blood. Infringement of this rule means a penalty in the form of a fine or imprisonment.

The non-smoking policy is very strict in Finland and smoking is prohibited in all public facilities (e.g. schools, trains, hospitals, buses). Hotels, bars and restaurants have designated areas for smoking and most trains have carriages or special rooms for those who wish to smoke. The University of Eastern Finland is also a non-smoking organisation, and smoking is only permitted in designated outside smoking areas (e.g. not in front of any entrances of the university).

It always takes some time to adapt to a new culture. This section describes some characteristics (generalisations) of Finns that might help you in understanding them, but please keep in mind that not all people are alike. Your own experiences with Finnish people might give you a completely different opinion.

Sometimes visitors may feel that Finns are shy and reserved, but especially the younger generation, being multilingual and internationally minded, do not fit into this stereotype. Still, Finnish university students often tend to be quiet and obedient listeners as well as very independent and hardworking. Some international students may find the class atmosphere reserved, but you will find that most Finns are eager to talk to you and help you, if you make the first move. Most Finns have learnt the basic skills of at least one foreign language at school. The most commonly known foreign language is English, which is quite widely spoken and understood in Finland. You may notice that some Finns are a bit shy about using a foreign language, especially in a group conversation. One thing you may find a bit peculiar is the great tolerance of silence in conversation. Finns describe themselves as fairly straightforward people, because we say what we mean and we mean what we say. If a Finn suggests that you could have lunch together sometime, you can usually consider this as a real invitation, not just small talk.

In fashion, comfort is often (although not always) considered more important than looks. Life in Finland has a relaxed pace. In fact, the older generation has occasionally voiced the opinion that things are becoming a bit too relaxed or informal. Older people still appreciate more formality, such as a polite handshake on being introduced. However, keep in mind the Covid19 restrictions! Handshaking is also common in business meetings, both on arrival and departure. At work the atmosphere tends to be informal, first names are used and people dress informally. It is also completely normal to call your teachers by their first name, even at a university. Equality between the sexes has progressed quite a way both at work and at home. The difference between the sexes is probably most obvious when considering salaries and comparing the number of women and men working at the executive level.

A particular Finnish trait is the habit of drinking milk or sour milk with meals and even adults do this. Others prefer mineral water or beer, and even the wine culture is making headway. As a nation, we love quizzes and competitions of all kinds, and it may be this characteristic, that underlies our craze for sports. Finns are also crazy about coffee. You will rapidly get used to the fact that when Finns get together for a chat, coffee is invariably part of the scene. However, note that the coffee in Finland is usually not as strong as in Central and Southern Europe.

During the summertime, you may wonder where all Finnish people are, as especially during the summer months, the suburbs seem to become uninhabited. This is due to the love Finns have towards nature and summer cottage. In Finland, there are approximately half a million summer cottages, which means that nearly every third family has one. Sometimes the name summer cottage can be misleading because some people spend their free time there also during the wintertime.

Sisu (stamina) is a concept used to describe a certain feature that is considered to be something typically Finnish. Sisu is what makes a Finn grit their teeth against all odds; continue fighting against an overwhelming enemy; clear the forest with their bare hands; go on to win a race even after falling over. Sisu is what it takes: guts, determination.

Sauna is an essential part of the Finnish culture. There are 5.5 million inhabitants and over two million saunas in Finland. Practically every Finnish house has a sauna of its own. For Finnish people sauna is a place for relaxing with friends and family as well as a place for physical and spiritual relaxation. Finns think of saunas not so much as a luxury, but as a necessity, and after taking a few bathes you will probably agree.

There are also public saunas available at such places as swimming pools and student housing (common saunas). It is not customary for men and women to go to sauna together unless they are members of the same family or particularly close friends. Public saunas are also separated by gender (men together and women together). Please note that you are not allowed to wear clothing or swimming suit in sauna, because it is considered to be unhygienic. If you feel uncomfortable, you may wrap a towel around yourself.

How to bathe in a Finnish sauna?
First having undressed, you take a shower and enter the sauna still wet, although some prefer to enter sauna dry first. The temperatures in a sauna usually range from 60°C to 100°C. Sit back for a while and let the heat permeate your body and open the pores of your skin. The stones on top of the stove are very hot and when you throw water on them, a humid cloud of steam (löyly) suddenly fills the small room. The steam gently warms your skin and your body starts to sweat. There are several tips on how to bathe in a Finnish sauna, but rule number one is that you should feel good all the time. After a short while, you can take a break. You can take another shower before re-entering the sauna and then take your time to relax and enjoy the warmth. The process can be repeated several times. After the final time in sauna, wash yourself off in a refreshing shower to complete your relaxation.

Many Finns have saunas at their summer cottages by a lake. There, the sauna experience is not complete without a refreshing swim, which you can take when you leave the sauna for a break. You can also try a thick wisp or bunch of birch twigs, called either “vasta” or “vihta”, depending on where you live (“vasta” in Eastern Finland). Dip it into warm water and then gently beat yourself all over with it – it definitely feels better than it sounds! In the winter, some sauna enthusiasts will even make a hole in the ice and take a dip in the icy water (approximately +3°C to +5°C) or roll around in the snow.

For more information about sauna.

Winter may bring many questions to your mind, if you have not experienced the Nordic winter before. To help you come to terms with the winter season, it might help you to not to think of it as a long, monotonous period of darkness, cold and snow, but as a sequence of several distinct phases, each of which has an atmosphere of its own. By accepting it as it comes, you will find the winter in Finland a richly rewarding experience.

At the first sign of winter, the streets occasionally get filled with slush, but eventually everything gets covered up with real snow. The months from December to February are a time of stillness. The sun always rises above the horizon in eastern part of Finland, but the light hours are not many during midwinter. It is recommended that you take vitamin D supplements to stay healthy. As for the temperature, a typical midwinter reading in eastern Finland would be something between -5°C and -15°C, but sometimes it gets colder, even down to -30°C. Fortunately, Finnish houses (including student flats) are equipped with triple-glass windows and central heating, so you have no reason to worry. However, when you are outside in cold weather, it is always wise

to be wary of frostbite and this is best done with appropriate clothing (e.g. woollen cap, mittens, warm socks and shoes as displayed). However, do not let this discourage you from going out, since very cold days have a special atmosphere, which you should not miss. You might even see the northern lights.

After the winter solstice in December, the amount of light steadily (although slowly) increases again. However, you need to wait until the end of March until the day once more outlasts the night (spring equinox). The day becomes longer and longer, and the snow gradually melts away, although it still might snow a bit occasionally. Spring is slowly, but surely, on the way again, and soon it is the time of the light nights of the Nordic summer.

For more information about layering, dressing appropriately for the winter and preparing for the weather:

• Layering basics / Rei 

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Yes-  Kyllä / Joo
No - Ei
Hi / Hello - Hei / Moi / Terve
How do you do - Päivää
Good morning - (Hyvää) huomenta
Good afternoon - (Hyvää) päivää
Good evenin. - (Hyvää) iltaa
Good night  -  (Hyvää) yötä

Thank you - Kiitos.
Sorry / Excuse me - Anteeksi
I am sorry. - Olen pahoillani.
Cheers! - Kippis!
How are you? - I am fine, thanks. - Mitä kuuluu? - Hyvää, kiitos.

Road - Tie
Street - Katu

Goodbye -Näkemiin. (formal)
Hei hei / Moi moi (informal)
I do not understand. - En ymmärrä.
I do not speak Finnish. - En puhu suomea.
I am not Finnish. - En ole suomalainen.
My name is… - Minun nimeni on…
How much? - Kuinka paljon? / Paljonko?
How much does this cost? - Paljonko tämä maksaa?
Could you help me? - Voitko auttaa minua?
Where is / are…? - Missä on / ovat…?

Open - Auki / Avoinna
Closed - Kiinni / Suljettu
Entrance - Sisään(käynti)
Exit - Ulos(käynti)
Push / Pull  - Työnnä / Vedä
Forbidden - Kielletty
Stop - Seis
Toilet - WC
Men - Miehet / Herrat
Women - Naiset

Monday - Maanantai
Tuesday - Tiistai
Wednesday - Keskiviikko
Thursday - Torstai
Friday - Perjantai
Saturday - Lauantai
Sunday - Sunnuntai
Weekend - Viikonloppu

1. Yksi
2. Kaksi
3. Kolme
4. Neljä
5. Viisi
6. Kuusi
7. Seitsemän
8. Kahdeksan
9. Yhdeksän
10. Kymmenen

Zero - Nolla
Hundred - Sata

Coffee - Kahvi
Cream - Kerma
Hot chocolate - Kaakao
Juice - Mehu
Soda - Limonadi
Tea - Tee
Milk - Maito
Low lactose milk - Vähälaktoosinen maito
Milk with 1% fat - Ykkösmaito
Milk with 3.5% fat - Täysmaito
Milk without lactose - Laktoositon maito
Semi-skimmed milk - Kevytmaito
Skimmed milk - Rasvaton maito

Water - Vesi
Carbonated water - Hiilihapollinen vesi
Mineral water - Mineraalivesi
Sour milk - Piimä
Alcohol - Alkoholi
Beer - Olut
Cider - Siideri
Liqueur - Likööri
Liquor - Viina
Mead - Sima
Red wine - Punaviini
Rum - Rommi
Sparkling wine - Kuohuviini
Vodka - Vodka
Whisky V- iski
White wine - Valkoviini

Baguette - Patonki
Bread - Leipä
Crispbread - Näkkileipä
Karelian pastry - Karjalanpiirakka
Malted bread - Mallasleipä
Rusk - Korppu
Rye bread - Ruisleipä
Toast - Paahtoleipä
Biscuit / Cracker - Keksi
Butter - Voi
Cereal - Murot
Cheese - Juusto
Egg - Kananmuna
Jam - Hillo
Margarine - Margariini
Marmalade - Marmeladi
Noodles - Nuudelit
Oatmeal - Kaurahiutale
Porridge - Puuro
Rice - Riisi
Almond - Manteli
Cinnamon - Kaneli
Ginger - Inkivääri
Honey - Hunaja
Ketchup - Ketsuppi
Mustard - Sinappi
Pepper - Pippuri
Saffron - Sahrami
Salt - Suola
Sugar - Sokeri
Baking powder - Leivinjauhe
Brown flour - Grahamjauho
Brown sugar - Fariinisokeri
Cooking cream - Ruokakerma
Double cream - Kuohukerma
Dry yeast - Kuivahiiva
Flour - Jauhot
Icing sugar - Tomusokeri
Wheat flour - Vehnäjauho
Whipping cream V- ispikerma
Yeast - Hiiva

Baltic herring - Silakka
Coalfish - Seiti
Crayfish - Rapu
Fish - Kala
Herring - Silli
Rainbow trout - Kirjolohi
Salmon - Lohi
Shellfish (plural) - Äyriäiset
Shrimp - Katkarapu
Tuna - Tonnikala

Chicken - Kana / Broileri
Elk (Moose) - Hirvi
Lamb - Lammas
Meat - Liha
Minced meat - Jauheliha
Pork - Sianliha
Reindeer - Poro
Sausage - Makkara
Turkey - Kalkkuna

Asparagus - Parsa
Aubergine (Eggplant) - Munakoiso
Broccoli - Parsakaali
Cabbage - Kaali
Carrot - Porkkana
Cauliflower - Kukkakaali
Chickpeas - Kikherneet
Corn - Maissi
Courgette (Zucchini) - Kesäkurpitsa
Cucumber - Kurkku
Garlic - Valkosipuli
Green peas - Vihreät pavut
Lentils - Linssit
Lettuce - Salaatti
Mushroom - Sieni
Onion - Sipuli
Parsley - Persilja
Potato - Peruna
Red pepper - Paprika
Soy beans - Soijapavut
Spinach - Pinaatti
Tomato - Tomaatti
Vegetables - Kasvikset

Apple - Omena
Banana - Banaani
Fruit (plural) - Hedelmät
Lemon - Sitruuna
Orange - Appelsiini
Peach - Persikka
Pineapple - Ananas
Plum - Luumu
Watermelon - Vesimeloni

Berry / Berries - Marja / Marjat
Blackcurrant - Mustaherukka
Blueberry - Mustikka
Cloudberry - Lakka
Cranberry - Karpalo
Gooseberry - Karviaismarja
Lingonberry - Puolukka
Raspberry - Vadelma
Redcurrant - Punaherukka
Strawberry - Mansikka
White currant - Valkoherukka

Nut - Pähkinä
Peanut - Maapähkinä
Walnut - Saksanpähkinä

I am a vegetarian / vegan. - O len kasvissyöjä / vegaani.
I do not eat pork / read meat. - En syö sianlihaa / punaista lihaa.

I am allergic to apple / eggs / fish / milk / (pea)nuts / soy / shellfish / wheat. - Olen allerginen omenalle / kanamunille / kalalle / maidolle / (maa)pähkinöille / soijalle
/ äyriäisille / vehnälle.
I am lactose intolerant. - Minulla on laktoosi-intoleranssi.